Which scale has a configuration of a minor scale with both a lowered 2nd and 5th degree?

The scale characterized by a minor scale with both a lowered second and fifth degree is the Locrian scale. The Locrian scale is the seventh mode of the major scale, and it is defined by its unique construction, which includes a minor third along with the flattened second and flattened fifth degrees. This scale creates a diminished quality that distinguishes it from other minor scales.

In contrast, the Aeolian scale, also known as the natural minor scale, features a minor third but does not have the characteristic lowered second or fifth. The Phrygian scale does include a lowered second but maintains a perfect fifth, thus differing from the Locrian scale. The Dorian scale is similar to the natural minor scale but has a raised sixth degree, which means it does not include both lowered degrees. Understanding these scale structures is crucial for recognition and application in music theory and performance.