Which of the following terms refers to a theme in a fugue that follows the initial theme and answers it?

The term that refers to a theme in a fugue that follows the initial theme and answers it is "Answer." In the structure of a fugue, the "Subject" is the main theme that is presented at the beginning. When this theme is introduced in a different pitch, it is called the "Answer." This is a crucial component of fugue composition, as the Answer provides a response to the initial Subject, creating a dialogue within the musical piece.

Counterpoint refers to the technique of combining different melodic lines in a polyphonic texture, while contrapuntal relates to the style characterized by the interaction of these independent melodies. Although these concepts are relevant to the study of fugal writing, they do not specifically denote the thematic response to the initial theme in a fugue structure.

Understanding the role of the Answer is essential for recognizing how composers develop themes and create intricate musical forms, particularly in the works of Baroque composers such as J.S. Bach, who is well known for his fugues.