Which dance is characterized by a swift, duple meter and originates from the Dominican Republic?

The dance that is characterized by a swift, duple meter and originates from the Dominican Republic is Merengue. This dance style is known for its lively tempo and is typically performed in a 2/4 time signature, making it a prime example of a duple meter. Merengue embodies the vibrant culture of the Dominican Republic, incorporating simple, rhythmic steps that emphasize hip movement.

While Rumba is a Cuban dance with a slower, sensual rhythm, Samba hails from Brazil and is recognized for its syncopated rhythms and faster beat, but does not share the same origin as Merengue. Tango is associated with Argentina and has a different characteristic, often involving dramatic and complex footwork. These distinctions make Merengue the clear choice as the dance that fits the criteria given in the question.