What term describes the process where each voice in a fugue chases the previous one?

The term that describes the process where each voice in a fugue chases the previous one is imitation. In this context, imitation refers to the technique where a musical idea is presented in one voice and subsequently repeated in other voices, often in a staggered manner. This creates a sense of conversation between the voices, with each new entrance reflecting the characteristics of the original idea.

Imitation is a fundamental aspect of the fugue, where the initial theme, known as the subject, is stated by one voice and then repeated by others, allowing for thematic development and variation. This process enhances the texture and complexity of the musical piece, making it rich and engaging.

Counterpoint, while related, refers more broadly to the combination of independent melodies rather than specifically addressing the chasing or overlapping nature of voices found in imitation. Fugato is a smaller-scale version of a fugue that might incorporate similar techniques but isn't primarily defined by the chasing voices. A fugue itself is a larger compositional form that encompasses these techniques, including imitation among its core features.