What is the standard tuning for a pipa that allows for a full chromatic scale?

The standard tuning of the pipa that allows for a full chromatic scale is A-D-C-A. This tuning provides a range that facilitates the playing of various scales and modes, as well as the ability to perform both traditional and contemporary music.

In this tuning setup, the strings are tuned to specific pitches that create intervals suitable for chromatic play. The A and D give the instrument a strong tonal center, with the C filling in necessary interval gaps. This ensures that when played, musicians can easily access all twelve pitches of the chromatic scale, which is vital for dynamic musical expression and execution.

The other options do not offer the same range or accessibility for achieving a complete chromatic scale. For instance, C-D-E-F does not provide enough variation between pitches to encompass the full chromatic spectrum. Similarly, the tunings that focus on lower pitches or alternative intervals do not serve the same purpose for chromatic performance, and thus may not support the expansive repertoire that the pipa can offer across different genres of music.