What is the relationship of the 2nd harmonic to the fundamental frequency?

The correct choice indicates that the 2nd harmonic occurs a fifth above the octave. In the context of harmonic series, the fundamental frequency (the first harmonic) is represented as the base frequency, and the harmonics are generated by integer multiples of this frequency.

For example, if the fundamental frequency is considered to be f, the harmonics would be as follows:

• The fundamental frequency (1st harmonic) is f (this is considered the 1st).

• The 2nd harmonic is 2f, which corresponds to the first overtone, and in terms of musical intervals, it is an octave above the fundamental.

• Following this, the 3rd harmonic is 3f, which corresponds to a perfect fifth above the fundamental frequency.

Thus, when we discuss the relationship of the 2nd harmonic, it is important to note that it is indeed a fifth above the octave of the fundamental frequency. The harmonic series grows in a specific pattern where intervals are defined based on their relationships to the fundamental frequency, establishing a clear framework for understanding pitch and harmony in music theory. This is crucial for both performing and analyzing music, as it allows musicians to recognize the relationships between different pitches generated by harmonic frequencies.