What does "col legno" mean in the context of string playing?

"Col legno" is an Italian term that translates to "with the wood." In the context of string playing, it refers to a technique where the player strikes the strings of the instrument with the wooden part of the bow, rather than with the hair of the bow. This technique produces a distinctive, percussive sound that contrasts with the smoother tone created when playing with the hair of the bow.

The use of the stick of the bow allows for a variety of expressive effects and is sometimes employed in contemporary classical music to create unique textures and character in the performance. This technique is especially effective in orchestral settings or compositions seeking to explore different sound qualities. Understanding "col legno" expands a musician's repertoire of sound production methods and allows for greater creativity in interpretation.