From which historical system does solfege originate?

Solfege originates from the Guidonian system, developed by the medieval music theorist Guido of Arezzo in the 11th century. This system utilized a sequence of syllables to help singers learn and memorize musical pitches, which laid the foundation for the modern solfege system used today. The syllables "do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, ti" are derived from a hymn to St. John, where each line corresponds to a specific pitch. This practical approach to teaching music and sight-singing proved influential in Western music education, facilitating a more systematic way of training musicians.

In contrast, while the Roman system relates to some aspects of ancient music and rudimentary notation, it does not incorporate the specific syllabic approach attributed to Guido. The French system, while influential in music theory, developed later and does not trace its roots directly to the methods pioneered by Guido. The Byzantine system pertains to a different tradition of music that utilized a different notational style focused on ecclesiastical music, further distinguishing it from the solfege system. Therefore, the Guidonian system is the most directly linked to the origins of solfege.